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Information processing and analysis methods, decision techniques

Decomposition

Decomposition

Decomposition — a method that replaces the solution of one large problem with the solution of a series of smaller problems.
The result of decomposition is the compilation of a list of elementary tasks, each of which can be solved by one or more methods of analysis, collection of primary or secondary information.
The method is implemented using IDEF standards and SADT structural analysis and design methodology.
Isolation and assignment of analytical features

Isolation and assignment of analytical features

The product under study can be characterized by analytical features that best describe it in the context of the task.

After that, values are assigned to the analytical features of products or objects of study.

The data prepared in this way is used for analysis.

Ranging

Ranging

Data ranking - alignment of the found information according to one of the analytical features.
Benchmarking

Benchmarking

Comparative analysis consists in comparing various characteristics or analytical features of the same type of objects (products, enterprises, market segments, etc.)
Frequency analysis

Frequency analysis

Frequency analysis involves determining the quantitative characteristics of the object of study (for example, one mention) and ranking them by frequency of mention – from most frequent to least frequent.

Using frequency analysis, Sherlock Holmes solved the cipher in the story "The Dancing Men" Conan Doyle.

Factor analysis

Factor analysis

Factor analysis is a multivariate statistical market research method used to study the relationship between factor values.

Cluster analysis

Cluster analysis

Data clustering— splitting a sample of objects (situations) into non-overlapping subsets, called clusters, so that each cluster consists of similar objects, and the objects of different clusters differ significantly.
SWOT analysis

SWOT analysis

A method for determining the strengths and weaknesses of a company's position, as well as opportunities and threats to it from the external environment. SWOT analysis is most often done for a single market and for each leading competitor.

ABC analysis

ABC analysis

ABC analysis — a method that allows to classify the firm's resources according to their degree of importance. It is based on the Pareto principle — 20% of all products account for 80% of sales. In relation to ABC analysis, the Pareto rule can sound like this: reliable control of 20% of positions allows you to control the system by 80%, whether it be stocks of raw materials and components, or the product line of an enterprise, etc.

Porter model

Porter model

5 Competitive Forces of Michael Porter – a fairly old and well-known model for determining the attractiveness of the current industry for the company. It can be used to identify potential hazards and problems that the company will have to face.
PEST analysis

PEST analysis

PEST analysis (sometimes referred to as STEP) — is a marketing tool designed to identify the political, economic, social  , and technological   aspects of the external environment that may affect the company's strategy.
Induction

Induction

Induction (Greek epagoge, Latin inductio — guidance), a type of generalization associated with anticipating the results of observations and experiments based on past experience.

Induction can also be defined as a method of thinking, in which the general is derived from particular judgments. 

Deduction

Deduction

Deductio (from Latin deductio – inference) – the process of logical inference, that is, the transition from premises to conclusions in accordance with the rules of logic.
Control question method

Control question method

The control question method allows generating new ideas and solutions with the help of leading questions formulated by analysts based on research and life experience.
Motivational Analysis

Motivational Analysis

Motivational analysis is an analysis based on the search for causes and conditions that characterize  the behavior of both companies - market participants and their managers.
Justification Analysis

Justification Analysis

The essence of the method is to create a model of the studied action, including various measurements of the parameters and characteristics associated with this action.

The researcher wonders why, for what reason, the event under study occurred.
After receiving the answer, he again applies this method until he can get to the root cause.

The analysis of justifications was described by Lazarsfeld in 1935 in his work "The Art of Asking Why".